{"bf_titre":"Sustainable management of irrigated flood plains","bf_auteur":"Jean-Philippe VENOT, IRD UMR G-EAU, jean-philippe.venot@ird.fr (for now)","bf_coauteur":"To be elaborated later depending on feedback","bf_contributeurs":"UMR G-EAU ( sylvan.massuel@ird.fr; sarah.tweed@ird.fr); SOFRECO WASP-Prek Technical assistance Team (Remi.BONVALET@sofreco.com; Philippe.WASP2@gmail.com; thierrydalimier@gmail.com); AFD-Cambodia (steinmetzp@afd.fr; muongs@afd.fr; Lim Puy (plim@ensat.fr)","checkboxListeDefis":"dur,dev,ris","checkboxListeGeographique":"ASE","bf_terrain":"Cambodia \u2013 Provinces of Kandal, Takeo and Prey Veng","bf_systeme":"A diversity of irrigation systems: (1) surface water pumping schemes supplying gravity secondary canals, (2) diversion canals (Preks), and (3) drainage systems with secondary level pumping schemes. \r\nThe main feature of the systems that will be studied is that they are located in areas that can be flooded whereby \u2013in most cases- only partial water control is possible and whereby \u201cmanagement\u201d (in the classic sense of it e.g. control of water resources) is largely absent.\r\n","bf_problematique":"The Upper Mekong delta in Cambodia (provinces of Kandal, Takeo, and Prey Veng) is the most densely populated and most intensively cultivated region of the country. It also faces recurrent floods in the rainy season (July-September) and, in some areas e.g. the Prey Veng province, droughts during the dry season. Over the last decades, it has witnessed (largely uncoordinated) development of its water resources for irrigation purposes by the government of Cambodia \u2013 MoWRAM being supported by donors as diverse as AFD, AusAid and JICA. \r\nUnder scenarios of climate change, land use changes and dam building notably on the mainstream of the Mekong River, water resources dynamics in the upper delta are likely to change tremendously over the next 20 years with likely effect on agricultural livelihoods. Even more pressing and current are the dual issues of (1) small farm low profitability (especially when rice-based) and (2) environmental degradation (due to an intensive use of pesticides, fertilizers), including groundwater drawdown, which question the sustainability of irrigation investments, which also largely rely on the use of fossil fuels (e.g. large collective pumping station or individual pumping sets).\r\nThis project aims at understanding current irrigation practices and at identifying ways of enhancing sustainable irrigation development in an area with limited water control. With relatively few water control infrastructures, the upper Mekong delta in Cambodia provides an interesting contrast to the much studied and largely controlled Mekong delta of Vietnam.\r\n","bf_dialogue":"MoWRAM has extensive experience in the development of irrigation projects through its collaboration with different development partners including AFD and CAVAC. MoWRAM involvement could take different forms from that of (1) user of research results (WP1 notably) to that of (2) key resource for the organization and sharing of results regarding irrigation engineering (WP2 notably)","bf_interets":"This action has three related work Packages:\r\n\r\n1.\tWater Knowledge Generation and Acquisition of Information: Characterizing water resources dynamics and the environmental and health impacts of irrigation development [UMR G-EAU (Sylvain Massuel and Sarah Leblanc) together with Cambodian research partners, notably Institut Technologique du Cambodge -ITC]. This component stems from the fact that knowledge regarding surface and groundwater availability and use is central to sustainable irrigation development, yet is lacking for the upper Mekong delta, partly due to the difficulties to modelling water flows in large flood plains. This component will used Remote Sensing and modelling techniques to assess long term land use changes and flood patterns as well as groundwater and surface water interactions. Biochemistry methods will also be used to assess the environmental impacts of agricultural intensification, inferring change in health risks. \r\n\r\n2.\tCapitalization of existing knowledge on irrigation infrastructure and engineering [MoWRAM and SOFRECO WASP-Prek Technical Assistance Team]. Different types of infrastructures have been built in the Cambodian Mekong delta, most noticeably \u201cPreks\u201d in the province of Kandal (e.g. colmatage canals diverting water from the Bassac and Mekong rivers and that can be controlled \u2013or not- by gates at their head-end) as well as collective pumping schemes (by CAVAC in the provinces of Takeo and Prey Veng). As part of the WASP1 project, the SOFRECO team in charge of assisting MOWRAM in rehabilitating preks has done a significant work in terms of capitalization. This Work Package will start by building on the existing knowledge accumulated by a few key individuals to distill and discuss key lessons with a broader set of stakeholders: MoWRAM, PDoWRAM and PUC. Two further topics emerge:\r\na.\tIn Kandal Province, and building on a modeling work of Prek systems conducted in 2017 as part of a master thesis (Oph\u00e9lie Pratx), assessing the extent to which Preks constitute an effective way to adapt to change in water availability under climate change scenarios and dam building. This also means assessing multi-functionality of Boeung (e.g. inundated areas in the interfluves) as both agricultural, fisheries ground and flood retention areas. \r\nb.\tIn Takeo Province, an in-depth analysis of current drainage dynamics and ways to optimize it, keeping in mind the objective of minimizing power use (some farmers access irrigation water after 3 successive often inefficient pumping). \r\n\r\n3.\tCharacterization of farming practices [this can be done by colleagues from the Royal University of Agriculture but they will need support from a third party]. The Upper Mekong delta in Cambodia is characterized by a wide diversity of agricultural systems : from small highly diversified high-value crops oriented farms on the river banks of the Bassac and Mekong river in the Mekong delta to rice-based farms (various size) that have a low profitability per hectare despite heavy use of inputs. This component will characterize farming structures and strategies, with special attention to the place of young farmers therein, and discuss possible trajectory of change as the profitability of farming is a key component of sustainable irrigation development.\r\n","bf_DescTypeActivite":"Work Package 1\r\nUnderstanding hydro-geo-logical and environmental dynamics of irrigated flood plains is a long term project that will require several years. We focus here on identifying activities that can be conducted during one year and provide the basis for future analysis\r\nPhase 1 (October 2017-February 2018): Identification and establishment of a network of monitoring points (wells, wetlands, and canals) and identification of widely used fertilizer products and pesticides. This will need to be done in collaboration with MoWRAM, PDoWRAM and ITC.\r\nPhase 2 (March 2018-October 2018): Monitoring of key indicators and broad characterization of input (fertilizer\/pesticides) use by farmers (water level, pH, Electric conductivities, major ions, nitrates)\r\nPhase 3 (November-December 2018): Writing of report.\r\n\r\n\r\nWork Package 2\r\nPhase 1 (October 2017-February 2018): Preparation of draft synthesis report on preks (include two or three short brainstorming sessions among key individuals).\r\nPhase 2 (between April and June 2018): Presentation of draft report to stakeholders\r\nPhase 3: (second half of 2018): finalization of report\r\n\r\n\r\nWork Package 3= To be defined\r\n","bf_livrables":"Work Package 1: \r\n\r\n(1) Report identifying the different groundwater systems in the Upper Mekong delta and water table fluctuation if relevant, dry and wet season groundwater flow map, and characterizing surface\/groundwater interactions as well as pollution risks hot spots. \r\n(2) A master thesis on long term changes in land use and flooded areas in the Upper Mekong Delta (Kandal, Takeo and Prey Veng provinces)\r\n\r\nWork Package 2: A synthesis report on Preks\r\n","bf_budget":"Work Package 1 (Year 1)= US$12,000\r\n\u2022\tIntern (remote sensing analysis) : US$ 5,000 \r\n\u2022\tField mission (IRD staff) : US$4,000 \r\n\u2022\tMonitoring and Analysis: US$3,000 \r\n\r\nWork Package 2= US$20,000\r\n\u2022\tOrganization of meeting to distill and discuss findings from Prek rehabilitation= US$3,000 (include transport and per diem of representatives from PUC and relevant MOWRAM and PDoWRAM staff)\r\n\u2022\tExpert Fee (SOFRECO Technical Assistance Team) : 20 Days @ 600 US$\/day= 12,000 US$ (report writing + organization of workshop)\r\n\u2022\tMaster thesis (hydrological\/hydraulic modeling of \u2018prek systems\u2019): US$5,000 \r\n\r\nWork Package 3= To be defined\r\n","bf_autre":"Un travail sur les modalit\u00e9s de gestion des p\u00e9rim\u00e8tres irrigu\u00e9s est conduit en parall\u00e8le par l\u2019IRD, en collaboration avec SOFRECO (province de Kandal; r\u00e9habilitation de Preks dans le cadre du PSEA) et CAVAC (province de Takeo) dans le cadre du projet collaboratif europ\u00e9en DOUBT financ\u00e9 par l\u2019ANR. Il est possible d\u2019ajouter une composante institutionnelle au travail COSTEA mais il faut identifier une personne pour s\u2019en saisir.","id_typeannonce":"1","id_fiche":"SustainableManagementOfIrrigatedFloodPlain","createur":"Anonyme","categorie_fiche":,"date_creation_fiche":"2017-09-28 12:56:57","statut_fiche":"1","imagebf_image":"SustainableManagementOfIrrigatedFloodPlain_plaine-mekong-cambodge.jpg","fichierautreselements":,"fichierautreselements1":,"fichierautreselements2":,"fichierautreselements3":"","date_maj_fiche":"2017-09-28 12:56:58"}